MonkeyPox-Mpox

Monkeypox

WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus has issued a health advisory and expecting international community to come together to find solution. This is called public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) under the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR). We are quoting Dr Tedros who said, "The emergence of a new clade of mpox, its rapid spread in eastern DRC, and the reporting of cases in several neighbouring countries are very worrying. On top of outbreaks of other mpox clades in DRC(Democratic Republic of the Congo) and other countries in Africa, it’s clear that a coordinated international response is needed to stop these outbreaks and save lives.”

MPox is a rare viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus, which is part of the Orthopoxvirus genus, the same family of viruses that includes the variola virus (which causes smallpox). While monkeypox is less severe than smallpox, it can still cause significant illness in humans.

Key Points about Monkeypox:
1. Transmission:

Monkeypox is primarily transmitted to humans from animals, particularly rodents and primates, through direct contact with the blood, bodily fluids, or skin/mucosal lesions of infected animals. Human-to-human transmission can occur through close contact with respiratory droplets, skin lesions, or contaminated materials like bedding.

2. Symptoms:

The symptoms of monkeypox typically begin with fever, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. This is followed by the development of a rash, often starting on the face and then spreading to other parts of the body. The rash progresses to form pustules, which eventually scab over and fall off.

3. Incubation Period:
The incubation period (time from infection to symptoms) is usually 6 to 13 days but can range from 5 to 21 days.

4. Severity:

Monkeypox can be severe, especially in children, pregnant women, and individuals with compromised immune systems. However, most cases are self-limiting, meaning they resolve without the need for specific treatment.

5. Vaccination and Treatment:

The smallpox vaccine has been shown to be about 85% effective in preventing monkeypox. There is no specific treatment for monkeypox, but antiviral drugs may be used in severe cases. Supportive care is essential to manage symptoms.

6. Recent Outbreaks:

Monkeypox has been reported in several countries, particularly in Central and West Africa, where it is considered endemic. However, in recent years, there have been outbreaks in non-endemic countries, raising global concern.

7. Prevention:

Preventive measures include avoiding contact with animals that could harbor the virus, practicing good hygiene, and using protective equipment when caring for infected individuals. Vaccination is also a key preventive strategy, especially in outbreak settings.

Public Health Response:

Public health authorities closely monitor monkeypox outbreaks to contain the spread, provide vaccines to at-risk populations, and educate the public on prevention and symptoms. The emergence of monkeypox in various parts of the world highlights the importance of global surveillance and preparedness for emerging infectious diseases.

What is indian scenario?

The scenario of monkeypox in India has evolved as part of the global concern over the disease. Here's a summary of the situation:
Monkeypox in India:
1. Initial Cases:

India reported its first confirmed cases of monkeypox in 2022, with cases being detected in individuals who had a history of international travel, particularly from countries where monkeypox was prevalent. The first case was reported in Kerala in July 2022.

2. Spread and Containment:

Following the detection of initial cases, Indian health authorities took swift action to contain the spread of the virus. Measures included contact tracing, isolation of confirmed cases, and monitoring of people who had been in contact with infected individuals.

3. Healthcare Response:

The Indian government issued guidelines for the management and prevention of monkeypox, including protocols for diagnosis, treatment, and isolation of patients. Hospitals were instructed to be prepared for possible cases, with the establishment of isolation wards and availability of testing facilities.

4. Vaccination and Treatment:

Although India did not initiate a mass vaccination campaign, the smallpox vaccine, which offers some protection against monkeypox, was discussed as a potential preventive measure for high-risk groups. The focus remained on surveillance, early detection, and public awareness.

5. Public Awareness and Precautions:

Public health campaigns were initiated to educate people about the symptoms of monkeypox, modes of transmission, and preventive measures. This included avoiding close contact with infected individuals, practicing good hygiene, and seeking medical attention if symptoms appeared.

6. Current Status:

As of the latest reports, the number of monkeypox cases in India has remained relatively low, and there has been no widespread outbreak. The country continues to monitor the situation closely, with health authorities prepared to respond to any new cases.

7. Global Connections:

Given the global nature of monkeypox outbreaks, India remains vigilant, particularly with the movement of people across international borders. The Indian government is working in coordination with global health organizations like the WHO to stay updated on developments and best practices for managing the disease.

Public Health Preparedness:

India's experience with monkeypox has reinforced the importance of global health security and the need for robust systems to detect and respond to emerging infectious diseases. The Indian government continues to emphasize the importance of awareness, early detection, and appropriate medical care in managing the risk of monkeypox.

“Emyris Biotech, Public awareness program, is instrumental in addressing societal challenges and promoting positive change. Our effort is to empower individuals to understand and engage with complex issues, enabling them to make informed decisions, participate in processes, and advocate for their rights and interests.”